Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Rau Khoom Noj Khoom Haus tau dhau los ua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv no, feem ntau hu uaRooj Tswjhwm Ivory or Daim Ntawv Dawb Cardstock, muab kev daws teeb meem ruaj khov tab sis tsis hnyav. Nws qhov chaw du ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev luam ntawv, ua kom cov hom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv tsim kom pom tseeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev loj hlobCov Ntawv Ntim Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Kom Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb, xyuas kom meej tias kev huv huv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Vim li cas nws thiaj nrov ua luaj? Ib qho yog nws txhawb nqa kev ruaj khov. Cov ntawv sau, suav nrog Cov Ntawv Sau Dawb rau Cov Khoom Noj, suav txog 31.8% ntawm cov khoom siv ntim khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov kev thov khoom noj ntim khoom nce ntxiv ua rau muaj kev loj hlob no, vim tias cov lag luam nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev uas zoo rau ib puag ncig.
Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Daim Ntawv Dawb Kraft yuav loj hlob los ntawm $ 5.8 billion hauv xyoo 2023 mus rau $ 9.4 billion los ntawm xyoo 2032, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo 5.6%.
Qhov kev loj hlob sai no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Daim Ntawv Dawb Cardstock hauv kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem ntim khoom ruaj khov thiab tshiab.
Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Rau Ntim Khoom Noj: Nws Yog Dab Tsi?
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Yam Ntxwv
Daim Ntawv Dawb Rau Ntim Khoom Noj Khoom Haus sawv tawm vim nws cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov tshuaj dawb kom txhim kho nws cov dawb, ua rau nws pom zoo nkauj thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Nws feem ntau ua haujlwm ua txheej sab hauv ntawm cov thawv khoom noj, kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom noj tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov kev kaw cua sov, daim ntawv yog coated nrog wax lossis laminated nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm polyethylene, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev ntim cov khoom noj kub lossis ntub.
Nov yog saib ze dua ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
| Yam ntxwv | Kev Qhia Txog |
|---|---|
| Kev kho kom dawb | Txhim kho qhov dawb ntawm daim ntawv. |
| Kev Siv | Feem ntau siv ua txheej sab hauv ntawm cov thawv zaub mov. |
| Kev kaw cua sov | Ua tiav los ntawm kev txheej nrog siv quav ciab lossis laminating nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm polyethylene. |
Kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv ntxiv ua pov thawj tias nws muaj kev ntseeg siab. Piv txwv li, kev tshuaj xyuas xyoo 2020 qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg me me hauv qab lub microwave, ua kom cov zaub mov muaj kev nyab xeeb. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 2019 tau lees paub tias nws cov qauv ruaj khov txog li 150 ° C, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv zaub mov. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia txog nws qhov ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj.
Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj Siv Rau Hauv Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus
Daim ntawv dawb tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntim khoom noj vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiabxwm txheej zoo rau ib puag ncigNws tiv thaiv cov khoom noj thaum txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, ua rau nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj khov rau cov yas thiab Styrofoam. Kev paub txog cov neeg siv khoom ntau ntxiv tau thawb cov tuam txhab kom siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li Food Packaging White Card Board, uas yog biodegradable thiab recyclable.
Piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, cov ntawv dawb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv siab muaj kev ua tau zoo dua. Thaum coated nrog polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), nws txo cov dej pa permeability los ntawm 73.8% thiab oxygen permeability los ntawm 61.9%. Qhov kev txhim kho no ua rau lub txee ntev ntawm cov khoom lwj, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los ntawm kev txo qhov hnyav poob thiab cov nqi lwj. Nws tus qauv tsim tsis hnyav kuj txo cov nqi thauj mus los thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov lag luam.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, daim ntawv dawb ua rau muaj ntau lub cib fim rau kev tsim hom lag luam. Nws qhov chaw du ua rau muaj kev luam ntawv zoo, pab cov tuam txhab tsim cov qauv tsim uas ua rau pom cov khoom zoo dua. Txawm siv rau cov thawv ci qhob cij, cov thawv nqa mus tsev, lossis cov ntim khoom noj khov, nws qhov yooj ywm ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv.
Daim ntawv dawb tsis yog tsuas yog ntim khoom xwb; nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas sib npaug ntawm kev ruaj khov, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev siv tau yooj yim.
Cov ntawv thov ntawm Cov Ntawv Ntim Khoom Noj Dawb Card Board
Cov Thawv Khoom Noj Qab Zib thiab Cov Khoom Noj Qab Zib Ntim
Daim ntawv dawb tau hloov pauv txoj kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus. Nws muab cov kev daws teeb meem sib dua tab sis ruaj khov rau kev thauj cov khoom qab zib thiab ncuav mog qab zib. Cov lag luam nyiam nws qhov kev ywj pheej, vim nws tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg kom haum rau lawv cov kev xav tau. Qhov chaw du ua rau muaj cov ntawv luam tawm ci ntsa iab, ua rau kev tsim hom lag luam yooj yim dua thiab nyiam dua.
Nov yog li cas cov thawv ci khoom qab zib ua los ntawm Cov Ntawv Ntim Khoom Noj Dawb Card Board sawv tawm:
- Cov Kev Xaiv Zoo Rau Ib Puag NcigNtau lub thawv ci khoom noj siv cov khoom siv uas lwj tau, ua raws li lub hom phiaj kev ruaj khov.
- Pom kev: Cov qauv qhov rai cia cov neeg siv khoom pom cov khoom thaum tseem ua kom nws tshiab.
- Sib dua thiab yoog tau: Cov khoom siv txhawb nqa cov qauv tsim zoo nkauj thiab cov ntawv luam tawm zoo.
| Aspect | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Kev ruaj khov | Kev ntim khoom tshiab uas pab txo cov yas thiab txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj kev ruaj khov. |
| Cov Khoom Siv Sib xyaw | Cov ntawv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab txhawb nqa kev lag luam ncig. |
| Kev Kho Kom Haum | Cov kev xaiv rau ntau yam duab, qhov loj me, thiab kev tsim hom lag luam tshwj xeeb ua rau pom kev zoo thiab nyiam cov khoom. |
Cov thawv ntawv ci dawb tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom noj xwb; lawv tsa cov neeg siv khoom kev paub.
Cov Thawv Nqa Mus Noj Mov thiab Cov Thawv Noj Mov
Cov thawv ntim khoom noj uas ua los ntawm cov ntawv dawb yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xa khoom noj. Lawv nrov tshwj xeeb rau kev xa khoom noj hauv Suav teb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw uas lawv tus qauv tsim tau dhau los ua lub cim. Cov thawv no yog biodegradable, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li Styrofoam. Lawv tus qauv tsim uas muab tais tau tso cai rau kev khaws cia yooj yim thiab txawm tias ua ob npaug ua cov phaj me me, ntxiv kev yooj yim rau cov neeg siv.
Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Rau Khoom Noj Khoom Hausua kom cov thawv no ruaj khov txaus los tuav cov zaub mov kub thiab ntub yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov. Cov khw noj mov kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov cib fim tsim hom lag luam uas muab los ntawm cov khoom siv uas luam tawm tau. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub logo lossis kev tsim qauv muaj tswv yim, cov ntawv dawb pab cov lag luam sawv tawm.
Khoom Noj Khov thiab Cov Ntim Khoom Txias
Cov ntim khoom noj khov xav tau kev ruaj khov thiab tiv taus dej noo, thiab cov ntawv dawb ua tau ob qho tib si. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau muab cov khoom thaiv ib puag ncig los tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab hauv lub tub yees thiab tswj cov khoom noj kom zoo. Nws tus qauv tsim sib dua txo cov nqi thauj mus los, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov lag luam xa khoom khov.
Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Ntim Khoom Noj kuj txhawb nqa kev tsim hom rau cov khoom khov. Nws qhov chaw du ua kom muaj kev luam ntawv zoo, pab cov tuam txhab tsim cov qauv tsim uas nyiam cov neeg siv khoom hauv cov khw muag khoom noj. Txij li cov pizza khov mus rau cov thawv ice cream, cov khoom siv no hloov kho rau ntau yam kev xav tau thaum tswj kev ruaj khov.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb rau Khoom Noj Khoom Haus
Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Siv Rov Qab Tau
Daim ntawv dawb tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawmkev ntim khoom noj khoom haus kom ruaj khovNws cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau ib puag ncig rau cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj xws li yas. Cov tuam txhab lag luam tig mus rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab kom txo cov khib nyiab thiab ua kom zoo dua lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Qhov kev hloov pauv no sib haum nrog kev siv zog thoob ntiaj teb los tsim kom muaj kev lag luam ncig, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov ntawv dawb tuaj yeem siv dua es tsis txhob pov tseg.
Nov yog saib ze dua li cas cov ntawv dawb txhawb nqa kev ruaj khov:
| Cov Lus Piav Qhia Txog Pov Thawj | Kev cuam tshuam rau Daim Ntawv Dawb hauv Kev Ntim Khoom Noj |
|---|---|
| Cov tuam txhab lag luam tab tom tig mus siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab kom txo cov khib nyiab thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo dua. | Qhov no txhawb nqa lub tswv yim tias cov ntawv dawb, uas yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, tuaj yeem pab cov tuam txhab txo cov khib nyiab thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov. |
| Kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab (PCR) tom qab siv tas pab txhawb rau kev lag luam ncig. | Cov ntawv dawb tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam ncig no, vim nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua, txo kev vam khom rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. |
| Siv cov ntim khoom ua los ntawm cov ntsiab lus PCR hloov cov khib nyiab ntawm cov chaw pov tseg. | Qhov siv tau dua ntawm daim ntawv dawb txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem pab hloov cov khib nyiab ntawm cov chaw pov tseg, ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntim khoom ruaj khov. |
| Cov yas ntim khoom ib txwm siv roj av ntau heev, ua rau muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide. | Kev hloov mus siv cov ntawv dawb tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon piv rau cov ntim yas, txhawb nqa kev ruaj khov ntawm ib puag ncig. |
| Kev siv cov khoom uas rov ua dua tshiab tau, cov khoom uas lwj tau, lossis cov khoom uas lwj tau yuav pab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. | Cov ntawv dawb, uas siv tau dua tshiab, ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo qis kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig hauv kev ntim khoom noj. |
Kev hloov mus siv cov ntawv dawb kuj txo qhov kev siv roj av fossil, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Nws cov yam ntxwv biodegradable ua kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias nws xaus rau hauv ib puag ncig los xij, nws yooj yim tawg dua li yas. Qhov no ua rau nws yog qhov yeej-yeej rau cov lag luam thiab lub ntiaj teb.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj thiab Kev Huv Si
Thaum nws los txog rau kev ntim khoom noj, kev nyab xeeb tsis yog qhov sib tham tau. Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Ntim Khoom Noj zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw no los ntawm kev muab cov kev daws teeb meem huv thiab huv. Nws qhov chaw du txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, ua kom cov khoom noj nyob twj ywm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau kho cov khoom siv kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb khoom noj nruj, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom noj.
Cov khoom siv no muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub siab ntxiv ib txheej kev nyab xeeb ntxiv. Txawm siv rau cov pluas noj kub lossis cov khoom khov, cov ntawv dawb tseem khaws nws cov qauv kom ruaj khov yam tsis tso cov tshuaj lom. Qhov kev ntseeg siab no ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv ntseeg siab rau cov lag luam uas tab tom nrhiav kev muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dej noo ntawm daim ntawv dawb tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xau thiab nchuav, ua kom cov zaub mov tshiab thiab zoo. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom xws li kua zaub, kua ntses, thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas muaj kua. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev huv thiab kev siv tau yooj yim, daim ntawv dawb ua kom muaj kev paub zoo dua rau kev ntim khoom.
Kev Kho Kom Haum thiab Lub Caij Nyoog Tsim Hom Lag Luam
Hauv kev ua lag luam sib tw niaj hnub no, kev ntim khoom ua ntau dua li tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom noj xwb - nws qhia ib zaj dab neeg. Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb Ntim Khoom Noj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev hloov kho, pab cov hom lag luam sawv tawm ntawm cov txee uas muaj neeg coob coob. Nws qhov chaw du thiab dawb muab cov ntaub zoo meej rau cov ntawv luam tawm, logos, thiab cov qauv tsim.
Cov lag luam tuaj yeem siv cov khoom no los tsim cov ntim khoom tshwj xeeb uas qhia txog lawv lub npe lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws yog tus qauv tsim minimalist rau cov khoom zoo lossis cov qauv xim rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev neeg, cov ntawv dawb hloov kho rau txhua lub zeem muag. Cov duab thiab qhov loj me tshwj xeeb ntxiv txhim kho nws qhov kev hloov pauv, tso cai rau cov tuam txhab hloov kho lawv cov ntim khoom rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Koj puas paub? Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias 72% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hais tias kev tsim cov ntim khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom.
Cov ntawv dawb kuj txhawb nqa kev tsim hom lag luam uas muaj kev xav txog ib puag ncig. Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem hais txog cov khoom siv ruaj khov ntawm lawv cov ntim khoom, nyiam cov neeg siv khoom uas paub txog ib puag ncig. Qhov kev tsom mus rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev coj ncaj ncees no ua rau cov ntawv dawb yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau hom lag luam.
Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab hauv Daim Ntawv Qhia Dawb rau Kev Ntim Khoom Noj rau xyoo 2025
Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Tshuab Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig uas Zoo Rau Ib Puag Ncig
Yav tom ntej ntawm kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus yog nyob rau hauvcov txheej txheem ib puag ncig zoouas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua yam tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj. Cov txheej no ua rau cov ntawv dawb siv tau ntau yam thaum tseem ua kom nws ruaj khov. Piv txwv li:
- Cov txheej txheem PHAhloov cov khoom siv roj av thiab tuaj yeem lwj tau, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob hauv hiav txwv.
- Cov txheej txheem tiv taus roj thiab rojmuab lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj khov rau PFAS, xyuas kom meej tias rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab.
- Cov txheej tiv thaiv dejmuab kev tiv thaiv dej noo zoo heev, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev ntim khoom noj.
- Cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm biowax, uas tau los ntawm cov roj zaub, tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab sib xws nrog cov tshuab uas twb muaj lawm.
- Cov txheej txheem Cupstockhloov cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene ib txwm muaj, tswj tau ob qho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj.
Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv dawb tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lag luam uas tsom mus rau kev sib npaug ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev siv tau.
Cov Nta Ntim Khoom Ntse
Kev ntim khoom ntse tab tom hloov pauv txoj kev khaws cia thiab saib xyuas cov khoom noj. Nws muab cov thev naus laus zis nrog kev ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev pom tseeb. Qee qhov nta zoo siab suav nrog:
- Cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv kev cuav, zoo li spectroscopy thiab blockchain, tawm tsam kev dag ntxias zaub mov. Cov khoom siv xws li 'Spectra' tshuaj xyuas cov khoom noj kom pom kev dag ntxias.
- Cov ntim khoom nquagtswj cov dej noo, tso tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis nqus cov pa oxygen kom ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia.
- Kev ntim khoom ntsesiv cov sensors lossis cov cim qhia kom qhia txog kev puas tsuaj lossis kev hloov pauv kub.
- Cov lej QR thiab thev naus laus zis NFC tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov khoom lag luam, txij li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus mus rau kev taug kev los ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb mus rau ntawm lub rooj.
Cov kev nce qib no tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom noj xwb tab sis kuj tsim kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov hom lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov Qauv Sib Dua thiab Ruaj Khov
Xyoo 2025, cov ntawv ntim khoom dawb yuav sib dua tab sis muaj zog dua yav tas los. Cov chaw tsim khoom tab tom tsom mus rau kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov. Txoj hauv kev no txo cov nqi thauj mus los thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau ib puag ncig rau cov lag luam.
Cov qauv tsim uas sib dua kuj ua rau siv tau yooj yim dua. Cov neeg siv khoom pom tias cov pob khoom no yooj yim dua rau kev tuav, thaum cov lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txo cov nqi xa khoom. Txawm hais tias sib dua, cov khoom siv tseem ruaj khov txaus los tiv thaiv cov khoom noj thaum thauj mus los. Qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv dawb tseem ua tus thawj coj hauv kev daws teeb meem ntim khoom ruaj khov.
Xyoo 2025, daim ntawv dawb tau txhais cov ntawv ntim khoom noj khoom haus dua tshiab. Nws tus cwj pwm zoo rau ib puag ncig ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau cov kev xaiv ruaj khov. Cov lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws cov nqi tsim nyog thiab lub peev xwm tsim hom.
- Tsoomfwv thiab cov khw muag khoom tab tom txo qis kev siv cov yas, txhawb kev siv nws.
- Kev tsim kho tshiab txhim khokev nyab xeeb thiab kev khaws cia zaub mov, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas siv tau tiag tiag, npaj tau rau yav tom ntej.
Daim ntawv dawb coj txoj kev mus rau qhov ntsuab dua tag kis.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Dab tsi ua rau cov ntawv dawb zoo rau ib puag ncig?
Cov ntawv dawb yog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab lwj tau. Nws txo cov khib nyiab thiab txhawb nqa kev lag luam ncig, ua rau nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj khov rau kev ntim khoom yas.
Daim ntawv dawb puas tuaj yeem tuav cov khoom noj kub lossis ntub?
Yog, cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov quav ciab lossis polyethylene los pleev rau nws. Cov kev kho no ua rau kev kaw ruaj khov thiab tiv taus dej noo, ua kom cov khoom noj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov.
Cov ntawv dawb ua rau lub npe nrov dua li cas?
Nws qhov chaw du thiab ua rau luam ntawv ci ntsa iab. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem kho cov qauv tsim, cov cim lag luam, thiab cov duab kom tsim cov ntim khoom uas pom tseeb uas qhia txog lawv lub npe lag luam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-29-2025