Qhov tawv ntawm daim ntawv dawb muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws txoj kev luam ntawv. Nws cuam tshuam rau kev pub ntawv, kev nplaum kua mem, thiab kev luam ntawv zoo tag nrho. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tshawb nrhiav seb qhov sib txawv ntawm GSM cuam tshuam li cas rau cov yam tseem ceeb no rau cov ntaub ntawv xws liFBB Daim Ntawv BoardthiabIb Sab Ivory Board, suav nrog cov khoom xws liNingbo quav board los ntawm APP.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb
- Cov ntawv cardboardGSM qhia nws qhov hnyav thiab tuab. GSM siab dua txhais tau tias hnyav dua thiab tuab dua daim ntawv cardboard.
- Cov ntawv cardboard uas tawv dua pab luam ntawv. Nws pub tau yooj yim, tuav tau cov kua mem zoo, thiab ua kom cov duab sib dhos.
- Xaiv daim ntawv raws li nws siv. Sib phim nws GSM thiab qhov tawv rau koj lub tshuab luam ntawv thiab cov khoom kawg xav tau.
Nkag Siab Txog GSM Hauv Cov Khoom Siv Dawb Cardboard
Txhais GSM rau Daim Ntawv Dawb
GSM, lossis Grams ib Square Meter, yog tus qauv ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv. Nws qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm ib square meter ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov ntsuas no yog tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev qhia qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv. Nws sawv cev rau qhov hnyav hauv grams ntawm ib daim ntawv ntsuas ib 'meter' los ntawm ib 'meter'. GSM qis dua txhais tau tias daim ntawv sib dua thiab nyias dua, thaum GSM siab dua txhais tau tias daim ntawv tuab dua thiab tuab dua. GSM ntsuas qhov hnyav, tab sis cov ntawv hnyav dua feem ntau tuab dua.
Cov Qauv GSM thiab Cov Ntawv Siv ntawm Dawb Cardboard
Cov ntawv dawb muaj ntau yam GSM, feem ntau yog txij li 190 GSM txog 400 GSM lossis siab dua. Qhov kev ywj pheej no tso cai rau cov lag luam xaiv qhov tuab kom raug rau lawv cov kev xav tau. Cov laug cam GSM sib dua yooj yim tuav thiab pheej yig rau kev luam ntawv ntau. Cov laug cam hnyav dua muab cov qauv zoo dua rau cov thawv thiab npog. Cov laug cam hnyav dua no xav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo dua thiab muab qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws. Cov ntawv dawb zoo tagnrho rau cov thawv pleev kom zoo nkauj, daim npav ua lag luam, thiab cov thawv ncuav qab zib.
Cov Kev Pab Cuam ntawm Fiber Density thiab Thickness rau White Cardboard GSM
Qhov ceev ntawm cov fiber thiab qhov tuab ntawm cov fiber ncaj qha ua rau GSM ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Qhov ceev ntawm cov fiber ntau dua hauv cov qauv ntawv ua rau nws qhov hnyav ib square meter nce. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov tuab dua kuj ua rau GSM siab dua. Piv txwv li, lub rooj tsavxwm 210 GSM feem ntau muaj qhov tuab ntawm 0.27 hli, thaum lub rooj tsavxwm 400 GSM tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.55 hli hauv qhov tuab. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no qhia tau hais tias thaum GSM nce ntxiv, lub rooj tsavxwm feem ntau yuav tuab dua thiab muaj zog dua.
Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ncaj Qha Ntawm GSM thiab White Cardboard Stiffness
Txhais Txog Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Ntsuas
Kev tawv ncauj piav qhia txog cov khoom siv tiv taus kev khoov lossis kev hloov pauv hauv qab lub zog siv. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv kho tshuab tseem ceeb raucov ntaub ntawv ntawvCov qauv kev lag luam muab cov txheej txheem meej rau kev ntsuas qhov cwj pwm no. Piv txwv li, ISO 5628 qhia txog peb txoj kev sim tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov tawv nyob rau hauv flexure: 2-point, 3-point, thiab 4-point flexure kev xeem. Cov txheej txheem 2-point thiab 3-point yog qhov tsim nyog rau daim ntawv nyias dua thiab cardboard. Txoj kev 4-point flexure raug pom zoo rau cov corrugated board thiab cardboard tuab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, DIN 53121 piav qhia txog kev txiav txim siab dav ntawm lub zog flexural siv txoj kev beam. ISO 2493-1 kuj qhia txog cov txheej txheem rau kev txiav txim siab lub zog flexural ntawm daim ntawv thiab cardboard raws li ob-point loading.
Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb pab ntsuas qhov tawv kom raug. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog kev sim khoov (BNT) thiab kev sim khoov plaub-taw tes. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas tsis sib cuag, xws li video extensometry thiab digital image correlation (DIC), ntsuas kev hloov chaw thiab kev ntxhov siab. Cov txheej txheem no pab txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li kev khoov tawv (BS). Cov cuab yeej xws li Texture Analyser ntau yam thiab Three Point Bend Rig ua cov kev sim flexural tawv. Cov kev sim no qhia txog kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv rau kev hloov pauv thaum khoov.
GSM thiab Kev Sib Raug Zoo Hauv Daim Ntawv Dawb
Muaj kev sib raug zoo ncaj qha ntawm ibdaim ntawv dawb's GSM thiab nws qhov tawv. Feem ntau, thaum GSM nce, qhov tawv ntawm daim ntawv kuj nce ntxiv. GSM siab dua qhia tau tias muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv ib square meter. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub rooj tsavxwm muaj ntau cov fibers thiab muaj tuab dua. Cov khoom siv ntau dua muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau cov zog khoov. Yog li ntawd, lub rooj tsavxwm 300 GSM feem ntau yuav tawv dua li lub rooj tsavxwm 200 GSM ntawm tib hom. Qhov tawv ntxiv no pab txhawb rau cov khoom siv lub zog. Nws kuj txhim kho nws cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm ntau yam.
Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Qhov Dawb Cardboard Stiffness Dhau GSM
Txawm hais tias GSM yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tawv, lwm yam tseem ceeb kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, tej yam ib puag ncig muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm kho tshuab ntawm daim ntawv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov av noo tuaj yeem ua rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom nyuaj. Cov dej noo ntawm daim ntawv dawb yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Nws cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog nws lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov av noo (RH) muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub zog ntawm cov fiber network ntawm cov ntawv. Cov dej noo ntau ntxiv vim yog RH kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov pob khoom sib dhos thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los thiab khaws cia ntev. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Lwm yam xws li hom fiber, kev taw qhia fiber, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (piv txwv li, calendering) kuj pab txhawb rau qhov kawg ntawm cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Daim Ntawv Dawb Lub Cev Ruaj Khoov rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Luam Ntawv
Qhov tawv ntawmdaim ntawv dawbmuaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb no cuam tshuam txhua yam los ntawm seb cov ntawv txav mus los ntawm lub tshuab nias mus rau qhov kawg thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom luam ntawv. Cov tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov kev cuam tshuam no kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Pub Noj thiab Kev Tuav Ntawv nrog Kev Nyuaj Siab Sib Txawv
Qhov tawv ntawm cov ntawv dawb cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau txoj kev uas cov tshuab luam ntawv pub thiab tuav cov ntawv ib daim.Cov laug cam tawv duaFeem ntau pub kom du thiab sib xws dua los ntawm cov khoom siv luam ntawv ceev ceev. Lawv tiv taus kev khoov thiab kev nkhaus thaum lawv taug kev raws txoj siv sia thiab cov menyuam. Cov laug cam uas tsis muaj qhov tawv txaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau zaus, pub mis tsis raug, thiab kev ncua sijhawm ntau lawm. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev pov tseg ntau ntxiv thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm. Cov tshuab luam ntawv feem ntau kho cov chaw teeb tsa tshuab, xws li lub zog cua thiab lub zog ntawm lub gripper, kom haum rau ntau qib tawv sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov laug cam uas yooj ywm heev tseem nyuaj rau tswj hwm, tsis hais txog kev hloov kho.
Kev nplaum thiab nqus kua mem ntawm daim ntawv dawb tawv
Qhov tawv kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev uas cov kua mem lo rau thiab nqus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Cov laug cam tawv feem ntau muaj qhov chaw sib npaug thiab ruaj khov dua. Qhov no tso cai rau kev xa cov kua mem zoo dua thiab cov zaj duab xis tuab sib xws dua. Qhov chaw ruaj khov txo qhov nqus cov kua mem tsis sib xws, uas tuaj yeem ua rau thaj chaw luam tawm tsis zoo lossis ploj mus. Thaum lub rooj tsavxwm ywj pheej dhau, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv me ntsis thaum siv cov kua mem. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyem tsis sib xws los ntawm lub phaj luam ntawv lossis daim pam. Qhov tsis sib xws no tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua mem tsis lo, tsis muaj xim, lossis tsis muaj qhov ntse hauv daim duab luam tawm. Qhov kev ua tiav ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tawv pab tswj kev sib cuag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw luam ntawv thiab cov kua mem.
Kev Sau Npe Luam Tawm thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Daim Ntawv Dawb
Kev tswj xyuas qhov kev sau npe luam ntawv kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev luam ntawv ntau xim zoo. Qhov tawv ntawm cov ntawv dawb ua rau nws ruaj khov. Qhov kev ruaj khov no ua kom daim ntawv khaws nws cov duab thiab qhov loj thaum hla ntau zaus los ntawm lub tshuab. Lub rooj tsavxwm ruaj khov tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv uas yuav ua rau cov xim lossis cov duab tsis sib xws.
Daim ntawv uas mos dhau yuav nias tsis sib npaug, ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev sau npe, muaj kua cwj mem tsis zoo, lossis xim txawv.
Cov laug cam uas tawv dua yuav tiv taus kev ncab lossis kev ntsws vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, av noo, lossis kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub tshuab thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv. Qhov kev tiv taus no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov duab thiab cov ntawv nyeem uas ntse thiab sib dhos zoo. Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev tsis zoo, feem ntau yog vim tsis ruaj khov txaus, ua rau cov duab tsis meej thiab luam tawm tsis zoo.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tom Qab Luam Ntawv thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Daim Ntawv Dawb
Qhov tawv ntawm daim ntawv dawb nthuav nws lub hwj chim dhau ntawm theem luam ntawv mus rau ntau yam txheej txheem tom qab luam ntawv. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev txiav, creasing, folding, embossing, thiab die-cutting. Cov laug cam tawv muab cov kev txiav thiab creases huv dua, meej dua. Qhov no yog vim lawv tiv taus kev rhuav lossis fraying ntawm ntug. Thaum folding, lub rooj tsavxwm tawv tsim cov folds ntse, txhais tau tias yam tsis tawg qhov chaw. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ntim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm. Rau embossing thiab debossing, lub substrate ruaj khov tso cai rau kev kos duab tob dua, ntxaws dua. Cov laug cam uas tsis txaus tawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txiav tsis meej, ragged folds, thiab ntiav, tsis meej embossed nta. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom kawg qhov kev nyiam zoo nkauj thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Xwm Txheej ntawm Multi-GSM Dawb Cardboard
Daim Ntawv Dawb GSM Qis: Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Zoo
Cov ntawv dawb GSM qis muab kev siv nyiaj tsawg thiab yooj yim rau kev luam ntawv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv no yooj yim rau kev nkhaus thiab buckling. Cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo ua rau daim ntawv ncab lossis ntsws. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nthwv dej lossis cockling ua ntej luam ntawv. Yog tias cov ntawv fibers hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, cov av noo ntau ntxiv tsim cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum. Cov kev ntxhov siab no ua rau cov npoo ntawv nkhaus. Cov tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkhaus. Lawv siv ib txheej nyias ntawm cov dej-raws li varathane rau sab hauv qab ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv kev nkhaus thaum txiav lossis siv kua mem.
Nruab Nrab GSM Dawb Cardboard: Qhov Sib Npaug Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Luam Ntawv
Cov ntawv dawb GSM nruab nrab feem ntau muab qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws rauntau daim ntawv thov luam ntawv. Nws muaj qhov ruaj khov txaus rau kev pub thiab tuav daim ntawv txhim khu kev qha. Cov kab GSM no kuj txhawb nqa kev nplaum zoo thiab kev sau npe luam ntawv. Nws zam kev ywj pheej ntawm cov kev xaiv GSM qis dua. Nws kuj zam kev cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cov laug cam GSM siab heev. Cov tshuab luam ntawv pom tias cov kab no siv tau rau cov ntawv qhia, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, thiab cov ntawv ntim txheem. Nws xa cov txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis muaj nqi khoom siv ntau dhau lossis cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb xav tau.
Daim Ntawv Dawb GSM Siab: Cov Txiaj Ntsig thiab Kev Xav Txog
Cov ntawv dawb GSM siab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov ntawv thov luam ntawv uas nyuaj. Nws tuab dua thiab ruaj dua. Qhov kev ruaj khov no pab kom daim ntawv tiv taus kev khoov thiab kev rhuav. Cov ntawv tuab nrog GSM siab dua kav ntev dua. Lawv kuj muab qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev ntim khoom kim heev lossis cov ntawv caw tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv GSM siab feem ntau kim dua. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev siv khoom ntau ntxiv. Tus nqi siab dua no cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov peev nyiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov haujlwm luam ntawv loj. Qee lub tshuab luam ntawv hauv tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm kuj tseem yuav ntsib teeb meem. Cov no suav nrog kev sib tsoo lossis kev pub mis tsis zoo vim yog daim ntawv tuab. Cov neeg siv yuav tsum xyuas cov lus qhia ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv kom paub meej.
Kev Xaiv Daim Ntawv Dawb Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Luam Ntawv Zoo
Cov tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum xaiv cov ntawv dawb kom zoo zoo kom paub tseeb tias cov ntawv luam ntawv ua tiav. Qhov no suav nrog kev sib phim cov khoom siv rau cov peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv, xav txog kev siv cov khoom kawg, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom muag zoo li cas.
Kev Sib Txuas GSM thiab Kev Nyuaj Siab rau Cov Kev Xav Tau Xovxwm
Cov tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum phim lub GSM thiab qhov tawv ntawm daim ntawv dawb rau lawv cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv. Cov tshuab luam ntawv sib txawv tswj tau ntau yam tuab thiab qhov tawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tshuab luam ntawv ceev ceev feem ntau xav tau cov laug cam tawv dua rau kev pub mov du thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. Cov tshuab luam ntawv kho cov chaw teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Kev xaiv lub GSM kom raug ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo cov teeb meem tsim khoom.
Daim Ntawv Thov Siv Thaum Kawg thiab Qhov Zoo ntawm Kev Luam Ntawv Xav Tau
Daim ntawv thov siv kawg ncaj qha qhia txog GSM xav tau rau cov ntawv dawb. Qhov no sib npaug ntawm qhov kev xav tseem ceeb nrog rau cov kev xav tau tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim feem ntau siv 90-120 GSM. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm feem ntau xav tau 150-200 GSM rau ntau qhov muaj. Cov ntawv qhia thiab cov ntawv tais ua haujlwm zoo nrog 200-250 GSM, muab qhov kev xav zoo yam tsis muaj kev nyuaj creasing. Daim npav ua lag luam thiab cov ntawv sau zoo xav tau GSM siab dua, feem ntau yog 300 GSM thiab siab dua, los sib txuas lus zoo thiab ruaj khov. Kev ntim khoom xav tau cov laug cam tuab dua, nruj dua nrog GSM sib npaug siab dua, nyob ntawm cov khoom.
| GSM (g/m²) | Thickness (Microns) | Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Txwm Muaj |
|---|---|---|
| 200 GSM | 230–250 µm | Cov thawv me me, tes tsho sab hauv |
| 230 GSM | 280–300 µm | Cov tes tsho khoom noj, cov thawv sib dua |
| 250 GSM | 310–330 µm | Cov pob khoom FMCG, cov ntawv sau |
| 280 GSM | 340–360 µm | Cov thawv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj |
| 300 GSM | 370–390 µm | Kev ntim khoom noj nruab nrab |
| 350 GSM | 440–460 µm | Cov thawv ruaj khov, cov thawv ntawv uas xauv tsis siv neeg |
| 400 GSM | 500–550 µm | Cov ntim dej haus zoo tshaj plaws |
| 450 GSM | 580–600 µm | Cov thawv loj |
| 500 GSM | 630–650 µm | Kev ntim khoom lag luam |
Cov ntawv GSM siab dua (300 GSM thiab siab dua) muab kev ruaj khov dua rau cov khoom xws li daim npav ua lag luam. GSM siab dua feem ntau qhia txog qhov zoo thiab kev nplua nuj, zoo li pom hauv cov ntawv caw tuaj koom kev sib yuav. Rau cov khoom xws li cov ntawv qhia, GSM yog qhov tseem ceeb; cov ntawv uas tuab dhau yuav tawg thaum tais.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Tus Neeg Muab Khoom thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo rau Daim Ntawv Dawb
Cov neeg muag khoom muab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov ntawv dawb. Lawv ua qhov kev xeem GSM los ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv, qhia txog qhov tuab thiab zoo. Lawv kuj ua qhov kev xeem tuab lossis caliper siv micrometers. Cov kev xeem no ua kom cov khoom siv ua tau raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb xws li ISO 534.
Cov neeg muag khoom feem ntau muab daim ntawv pov thawj ISO 9001 thiab 14001. Lawv kuj muab daim ntawv pov thawj FSC rau kev nrhiav khoom siv tau ntev. Rau cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, muaj daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb rau kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov. Cov ntawv qhia kev kuaj hauv chav kuaj rau GSM, BF, thiab cov dej noo ua kom ntseeg tau tias zoo.
Qhov tawv yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb, feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm Taber qhov tawv. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev luam ntawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw du thiab sib npaug, uas tau tsim kho rau kev luam ntawv siab. ISO 5628 thiab DIN 53 121 ntsuas qhov tawv ntawm qhov khoov. ISO 8791-4 ntsuas qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau cov nqi qis dua qhia txog qhov chaw du. ISO 3783 ntsuas qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas qhov tsis kam rau kev xaiv thiab blistering.
Lub GSM ntawm daim ntawv dawb ncaj qha txiav txim siab nws qhov tawv. Qhov khoom tseem ceeb no cuam tshuam rau txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv. Cov lag luam yuav tsum xaiv cov ntawv dawb ntau GSM raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
GSM txhais li cas rau cov ntawv dawb?
GSM txhais tau tias Grams per Square Meter. Nws ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm ib square meter ntawm daim ntawv cardboard. GSM siab dua txhais tau tias daim ntawv cardboard hnyav dua thiab feem ntau tuab dua.
Qhov tawv tawv cuam tshuam li cas rau kev luam ntawv?
Qhov tawv ua rau daim ntawv cardboard nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv. Nws kuj ua kom cov kua mem nplaum sib xws thiab sau cov ntawv luam tawm tau zoo. Cov ntawv cardboard tawv tiv thaiv kev txhaws thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev luam ntawv.
Vim li cas GSM nruab nrab feem ntau nyiam dua?
Daim ntawv dawb GSM nruab nrab muaj qhov sib npaug zoo. Nws muab kev tawv txaus rau kev luam ntawv txhim khu kev qha yam tsis kim heev lossis nyuaj rau tuav. Nws haum rau ntau txoj haujlwm luam ntawv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-30-2026